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THE SOUL OF
A RELIGIOUS HUMANIST The Rev. Roger H.
Smith February 13, 2000
READINGMy reading this morning
is from a sermon delivered several years ago by a colleague, Rev. Khoren
Arisian, Religious Humanist and minister to the Unitarian Society of
Minneapolis. Khoren is recently retired from parish ministry. He is
returning home on a commercial flight from a marathon weekend session at
the Humanist Institute in New York City.
He writes:
I had with me a large folder of articles and notes dealing
with this coming Sunday's topic, and as I started to riffle through
them, I came upon a reproduction of Van Gogh's masterpiece, "The Starry
Night". I remembered that I had originally included it among the
otherwise wordy materials I wanted to consider. Van Gogh was more than
the proverbially tormented, royally ignored 19th-century genius. Using
pure color with unsurpassed boldness, he created not only one of the
most luminous night skies ever painted, impregnating it with his
characteristic energy, passion and turmoil, he also invested this
particular canvass with a sense of exceptional spiritual searching ...
For Van Gogh, nature trembles, flickers, reverberates, dances. I kept
looking at the swirls and circles of color, especially the orange
crescent moon in the upper right-hand corner. Then my eyes lighted upon
the sensuous purple hills below and in the foreground a small peaceful
village whose most prominent building is a simple church with a narrow
steeple reaching timidly into the vivid sky.
What did Van Gogh's "Starry Night" remind me of? It reminded me of an
equally clear, moonlit evening during a Unitarian summer conference for
young people that I attended on an island off the coast of New
Hampshire; significantly, it's called Star Island! I had just completed
my senior year in high school and was anticipating college. That
particular night I wanted to be alone, so I sauntered onto the nearby
unpaved paths and slowly climbed among the rocks, and off in the
distance was the island's inconsequential-looking chapel. I stopped in
my tracks: my spine was beginning to tingle; quickly the sensation
spread throughout my body and I felt extended into the earth and sky and
also into the little chapel, a symbol of human culture and striving and
reflection.
On a night in 1889 Van Gogh, we might safely conclude, had an
experience of transcendence -- a sense of cosmic belonging -- which he
translated into a great painting. On that evening in 1950, I had an
experience of transcendence which I translated into a firm decision to
become a humanist religious leader.
SERMON
This morning, I want to address the notion that humanists don't know
how to dance or do not accept there are mysteries in life. Humanists are
accused of spending too much time in their heads rather than listening to
their hearts. They are said to lack spirituality and soul. This is untrue!
I'm a religious humanist and I love to dance, and I believe there is
plenty of magic and mystery in the Universe and in Life! I agree that most
humanists are skeptics and rationalists, agnostics and even atheists. But
... I do not believe humanism and mystery and spirituality are mutually
exclusive.
Are there any complete atheists in the world? A humanist colleague once
said that a true atheist is a person who does not believe in the here and
now!
Let's take a closer look at humanism and humanists this morning.
The general concept of humanism runs through all of Western
civilization, coming into bloom in the Renaissance. It also is part of our
rich and diverse Unitarian heritage, and is listed as one of our living
traditions in our UU Principles. It reads:
"Humanist teachings which counsel us to heed the guidance of reason and
the results of science, and warn us against idolatries of the mind and
spirit."
Humanism holds that a person can be ethical, and find self-fulfillment
and meaning in life without recourse to supernaturalism or belief in a
higher power or God. Humanists are characterized by their idealism and
their dedication to the welfare of their fellow life travelers rather than
to a higher power.
Protagorus is recognized as the world's first humanist. In the fifth
century BC he said, "As for the Gods, I don't know whether they exist or
not. Life is too short for such difficult inquiries. (Humans are) the
measure of all things."
Alexander Pope summarized humanist faith in these words,
Know then thyself. Presume not God to scan; The proper study
of mankind is man ...(or humanity) Their concept is very
homocentric and yet don't we in our every day experiences usually relate
or perceive the world in relationship to ourselves or to humanity in
general? Even when we talk about God or Ultimate Reality or the Great
Mystery, are we not speaking in relationship to ourselves?
Remember the "Heaven's Gate" episode?
The Hale-Bopp Comet was a sign to the Heaven's Gate followers; they
believed a spaceship was following the comet, hidden by the comet's tail,
and it was sent to whisk the believers aboard and off to their heavenly
eternal home.
I read a story about two of Heaven's Gate members buying one of the
best telescopes available. They were excited by the prospect of seeing not
only Hale-Bopp Comet, but also tracking the spaceship following the comet.
They did get a wonderful, clear image of the comet and its tail, but
they couldn't see the spaceship. They took the telescope back to the shop
and asked for their money back, on the basis that the telescope could not
resolve the spaceship.
Rather than argue about what they could not see and why, the
shopkeeper, also an astronomy buff, gave back their money. He told the
reporter he marveled at their logic -- their assumption that something was
wrong with the telescope rather than something wrong with their belief
system.
I also marveled at the entire group's suspension of logic and rational
thought. Most were fairly bright and educated, and yet rather simplistic
and uncritical in their thinking. They even packed small duffel bags and
left a few dollars in change in a coin purse to use for the trip to
Nirvana before they committed suicide. Evidently, they believed the
currency at stops along the way is based on the US dollar!
I believe we do create our gods and religions, and I do not take
lightly such creations. The process has given much to humanity in the form
of the arts, ethics, literature, and community. However, it also has given
us demons, wars, prejudices, and superstitions. Like many things in life,
religion is a mixed bag, and we must not delude ourselves by being
uncritical in our religious journeys.
Like most humanists, I am a skeptic. I question assumptions until I am
satisfied they are correct or not. I like to start from some concrete-ness
or facts in coming to conclusions. I like to have all the critical data or
basic foundation in place when pondering theories or propositions or
ideas.
I call myself a religious humanist, but we are more than the labels we
wear. Each of us is on his or her own religious journey -- whether we
admit it or not, and each journey is shaped by a myriad of influences --
our genes, our culture, religious background, education, and all that we
encounter within our environments.
As a religious humanist I see my connection with the sacred as more
horizontal than vertical. I find the sacred much like Martin Buber's
I-Thou relationships. The sacred for me is found in connections with "the
other," whether it is with other people, works of art, or with the natural
world in its many manifestations.
Spiritual for me is "awakening to the moment," experiencing heightened
response to a magnificent event or idea, or a perception through words,
music, dance, or reflection. In my case, it is usually accompanied by
gooseflesh on my arms, neck and back. The event can occur during a quiet
moment at sunrise on a mountain or listening to a great musical
performance, or witnessing exquisite figure-skating champions. It can be a
Sunday Service that lifts me up and takes me to a greater appreciation of
what it means to be human or to transcend our animal nature.
Khoren Arisian's "Starry Night" is an excellent example of a spiritual
or sacred experience, an epiphany -- seeing and feeling a connection with
Van Gogh's masterpiece, and experiencing a transcendence which, as Khoren
said, translated into a decision to become a religious humanist leader.
The father of 20th Century American Humanism, John Dietrich, minister
at the Spokane Unitarian Church in the early 1900s and the Unitarian
Society of Minneapolis for many years, said, "There is an energy which
springs from the heart of humanity. What it is we do not know, any more
than we know what electricity is. How it works we cannot say ... But that
it is real, that it produces results, is as certain as that we can
breathe."
In accepting the Nobel Prize, Saul Bellow, humanist writer, remarked,
"There is a spirit; everyone keeps quiet about it, almost everyone is
aware of it."
There is acceptance of mystery or a transcending power that cannot be
defined and only metaphorically described, but definitely experienced.
Once in a while a peak experience, or satori, comes completely out the
blue. We all have them to one degree or another.
Many years ago, I was driving to a park about five miles from my home
in Berkeley, CA. It was a great place to jog and commune with nature. I
had made this trip three or four times a week for a couple of years. On
this particular day, I am listening to the Dies irae from Symphonie
Fantastique by Berlioz on my tape deck. The sun was bright and the
temperature about 70 degrees. Sunlight flashed between leaves of
Eucalyptus trees and their fragrance was strong, a very strong natural
perfume. My old Volvo station wagon was purring and swaying gently around
the many curves as we climbed the hill to Tilden Park. Suddenly, I was
struck by "The Moment" - the music, the bright sunlight, the deep-blue
sky, the fragrances, the green glow of leaves, the gentle movements and
purr of the car -- everything fusing together. All harmonized and all
became an extension of me, one with me. I had to pull over to the side of
the road until the experience ended. It was a wonderful moment --
goose-bumps, tears, and laughter -- producing a feeling of being
interconnected with the universe.
Rabbi Sherwin Wine, a Jewish Humanist, wrote, "Belonging is an
experience in transcendence, an experience of being part of something
greater than oneself. There are times when we feel connected to all the
people of the world ... and to the universe itself -- to the evolutionary
drama of life, to the very stars beyond."
Frazier, in his epic volumes of The Golden Bough, found a commonality
of motifs in wide ranges of religions, suggesting to him an innate basis
to religious expressions and experiences. Carl Jung stated in his book,
Psychology of the Unconscious, "Just as the human body shows a common
anatomy over and above all racial differences, so, too, the human psyche
possesses a common substratum transcending all differences in culture and
consciousness. I have called this substratum the collective unconscious."
We may come from different theological stances or foundations, but how
different are these religious experiences?
A theist might say God has touched her. A shaman may say the Great
Spirit has entered his mind and heart. A Zen Buddhist monk might say it
was satori, a moment of enlightenment. It could be a very similar
experience, but each person may give it a different name or use different
metaphors to describe it. My own peak experience was heightened awareness
of being part of the whole -- wholeness -- being holy, if you like. And I
believe most people would understand if I said the experienced touched my
soul.
I resonate with what Bill Houff, fellow UU minister and scientist, says
in his book, Infinity in Your Hand:
"In my own theological metamorphosis, I did not so much
abandon humanism as expand it. I am no less a scientist today than I was
a quarter of century ago. But I now know there is more: a whole realm
where linear thought and language must yield to other modes of
understanding and communicating. This is the unknown and the mysterious.
Those who learn how to listen to their inner wisdom come to a new and
expansive appreciation of the Old Testament command, "Be still and know
that I am God." I may not use the same words as Rev. Houff,
but I believe I understand what he means and I learn through the telling
of his religious journey, finding that we share similar concepts and
religious experiences.
We each are on a religious journey. I am not standing up here to
convince you to follow my path. I am not up here to convince you to use
the same metaphors to tell your story. Our personal theologies differ. We
may each start from different premises, but because we are human and share
so much in our common heritage and common humanity we are capable of
understanding and capable of empathy. My hope is that by telling my own
stories you are encouraged to think about and share your own religious
journey.
One of our primary purposes as a religious movement is offering a safe
place to share our stories.
CLOSING
We shall not cease from exploration And the end of all
our exploring Will be to arrive where we started And know the
place for the first
time.
T.S.
Elliot
THE SHADOW
KNOWS, Part 1 Larry Fennema January 16, 2000
CALL TO WORSHIP
Come, come, whoever you are! Wanderer, worshipper, lover
of leaving. Come. This is not a caravan of despair. It doesn't
matter if you've broken your vow a thousand times, Still come, And
yet again
come! Rumi
READINGThis morning, we'll take
several minutes for introspection. You may wish to let your imagination
work with the images which come to mind with these words, which will be
familiar to the readers of J.R.R. Tolkien:
Three Rings for the Elven-kings under the sky, Seven for
the Dwarf-lords in their halls of stone, Nine for Mortal Men doomed
to die, One for the Dark Lord on his dark throne In the Land of
Mordor where the Shadows lie. One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to
find them, One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind
them, In the Land of Mordor where the Shadows lie.
By what rings of power are we bound in our own lands of shadow?
SERMONThe Shadow - our
twin/friend/challenger/tempter - appears in the scriptures of our wisdom
traditions, in myths and fantasy and fairy tales, in dreams, in the work
of depth psychology, in our daily lives, on the world stage. Dare we ask,
"Mirror, Mirror, on the wall …"? What is it that the Shadow knows?
[Luke 3: 21-22, then to Chapter 4]
Now when all the people were baptized, and when Jesus also
had been baptized and was praying, the heaven was opened, and the Holy
Spirit descended upon him in bodily form, as a dove, and a voice came
from heaven, "Thou are my beloved Son; with thee I am well pleased."
Can you imagine what hearing such a voice and message might do for
one's ego? I think that I might find myself feeling a little inflated by
such a communication.
And Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan, and was
led by the Spirit for forty days in the wilderness, tempted by the devil.
And he ate nothing in those days; and when they were ended he was hungry.
The devil said to him, "If you are the Son of God, command this stone to
become bread." And Jesus answered him, "It is written, 'Man shall not live
by bread alone.' And the devil took him up, and showed him all the
kingdoms of the world in a moment of time, and said to him, "To you I will
give all this authority and their glory; for it has been delivered to me,
and I give it to whom I will. If you, then, will worship me, it shall all
be yours." And Jesus answered him, "It is written, 'You shall worship the
Lord your God, and him only shall you serve.' " And he took him to
Jerusalem, and set him on the pinnacle of the temple, and said to him, "If
you are the Son of God, throw yourself down from here; for it is written,
'He will give angels charge of you, to guard you,' and 'On their hands
they will bear you up, lest you strike your foot against a stone.' " (We
have here a clever, well-read devil -- using scripture from the 91st Psalm
in his argument with Jesus.) And Jesus answered him, "It is said, 'You
shall not tempt the Lord your God.' " And when the devil had ended every
temptation, he departed from him until an opportune time.
Several centuries prior to this legendary encounter, Siddhartha
Gautama was led forth from his sheltered life of privilege, and his state
of unconsciousness, to learn the facts of life … and death. As he and his
companion Channa set out, the gods paved their way from the palace grounds
with silence. But they did not go unnoticed - an apparition stood across
their path. It was Mara, the lord of luxury, passions, and lusts, the
purveyor of all impermanent delights. He addressed Siddhartha politely:
"Sir, depart not. On the seventh day from now the jewel-wheel of empire
will appear, and thou shalt rule over the four great islands and the two
hundred small islands that surround them." Siddhartha ignored him and
moved on. Mara let relax his veil of courtesy and uttered a vicious
threat: "Very well, go your way, but remember this: henceforth, whenever
thou hast a thought of lust or malice or cruelty, I shall know it." And
seeking mastery over the mind of Siddhartha, Mara slunk after him "on the
watch for any failing, cleaving to him like a shadow which follows the
object from which it falls."
And Mara would indeed get another chance at Siddhartha. Years later,
when Siddhartha had seated himself under the great Bo tree, determined not
to rise until he had pierced through the world of illusion to
enlightenment, Mara returned to offer him vast treasures and world
dominion. Great armies paraded before Siddhartha. Siddartha did not move.
Mara called forth his daughters, who danced and let slip their saris from
their shoulders. Siddartha did not move. Mara called forth his captains:
Selfishness, Hate, Greed, Ambition, Pride, Ignorance, Fear, and Lust. But
they had to retreat, knowing Siddhartha to be their master. Mara tore
mountains out of the earth and hurled them at Siddhartha, with floods of
lava and molten iron spilling from their sides. From the deep abysses of
the earth, unthinkable monsters rose shrieking and fell upon him in
violence and wrath. Siddhartha saw these illusions for what they were, and
with his right hand he struck the earth, calling upon it to bear witness
to his realization of this fact - Wisdom exists. Wisdom exists! And the
earth trembled in response, opening up and swallowing the monstrosities
which had besieged him. Mara acknowledged, "The ascetic Gautama will
escape my realm."
The Shadow -- that aspect of our individual and collective psyches
which is, in some respects, our hidden twin. This twin carries those
aspects of ourselves which, for the most part, we consider
not-so-desirable. Archetypal stories of the Shadow are many and popular -
Goethe's "Faust," Tolkien's "Lord of the Rings," Ursula Le Guin's "A
Wizard of Earthsea," and "Star Wars," to name a few. And, of course, much
of religious and psychological thought and literature revolves around this
subject.
I am aware of two perspectives on the idea of the Shadow. One
perspective is that the Shadow consists primarily of those negative
aspects of ourselves which we have not incorporated into our
consciousness. Erich Neumann, a Jungian depth psychologist, wrote in
Israel in the late '40's: "This negative, unconscious part of the
personality is archaic in the most negative sense, for it is the beast-man
at bay. He becomes the shadow and dark brother of the ego only if, through
a process of integration, the ego consciously descends into the depths of
the unconscious, there to seek him out and bind him to the conscious mind.
But when the reverse happens, when, that is to say, consciousness is
overpowered and wholly possessed by him, we get the frightful phenomenon
of regression to the mass man as manifested in the mass epidemics of
recollectivization." This is a reference, I think, to what Neumann saw in
the fascism and communism of those times.
A more inclusive perspective on the Shadow is that of thinking of our
Shadows as allies which carry ALL aspects of ourselves which we do not
carry in consciousness. In this perspective, the Shadow is the ally which
constantly strives toward wholeness, acting as the passageway into the
deeper personal psyche and the transpersonal self. Dr. Carl Jung, the
Swiss psychiatrist who did so much to open and explore the world of the
Shadow, wrote "The shadow is a tight passage, a narrow door, whose painful
constriction no one is spared who goes down to the deep well. But one must
learn to know oneself in order to know who one is."
Another way of thinking of the Shadow as an ally is this: If one thinks
of each person having an inner, psychic template, or design, for one's
life, the Shadow may be thought of as a counterbalance around that center,
that design. The Shadow may constellate to re-establish a balance when
there is too great a variance from the design.
To encounter (perhaps voluntarily and perhaps otherwise) and embrace
one's Shadow is to live an adventurous story. Therefore, let us consider
one of the finest illustrations of a man and his Shadow in Western
literature - Goethe's "Faust." We are all at least somewhat familiar with
this story of a dissatisfied man who decides to cut a deal with the devil
in seeking to satisfy a desire. I'll introduce Faust with a few comments
from Jung's autobiography.
While he was still living at home, Jung's mother said to him one day,
quite out of the blue, "You must read Goethe's Faust one of these days."
So now from the autobiography - "We had a handsome edition of Goethe and I
picked out Faust. It poured into my soul like a miraculous balm. 'Here at
last,' I thought, 'is someone who takes the devil seriously and even
concludes a blood pact with him - with the adversary who has the power to
frustrate God's plan to make a perfect world.' I regretted Faust's
behavior, for to my mind he should not have been so one-sided and so
easily tricked. He should have been cleverer and also more moral. How
childish he was to gamble away his soul so frivolously! Faust was plainly
a bit of a windbag. I had the impression that the weight of the drama and
its significance lay chiefly on the side of Mephistopheles. It would not
have grieved me if Faust's soul had gone to hell. He deserved it. I did
not like the idea of the 'cheated devil' at the end, for after all
Mephistopheles had been anything but a stupid devil, and it was contrary
to logic for him to be tricked by silly little angels. Mephistopheles
seemed to me cheated in quite a different sense: he had not received his
promised rights because Faust, that somewhat characterless fellow, had
carried his swindle through right into the Hereafter. There, admittedly,
his puerility came to light, but, as I saw it, he did not deserve the
initiation into the great mysteries. I would have given him a taste of the
purgatorial fires. The real problem, it seemed to me, lay with
Mephistopheles, whose whole figure made the deepest impression on me, and
who, I vaguely sensed, had a relationship to the mystery of the Mothers.
At any rate Mephistopheles and the great initiation at the end remained
for me a wonderful and mysterious experience on the fringes of my
conscious world."
As Jung points out, it is often only through a deep experience of the
Shadow that one may move beyond the fringes of ego consciousness, as our
friend Faust is to learn.
Faust, a middle-aged college professor, has reached the pinnacle of his
professional life. He has gone as far as his intelligence and discipline
and self-consciousness can take him. But he has reached a spiritual
dead-end, and despair yawns before him like the abyss. He has been keeping
a vial of poison in his desk, knowing that its use may be his only way out
of the despair. And, indeed, the day arrives when Faust takes the poison
from his desk and is about to drink it when he sees and hears a vision of
Easter music. Through his experience of this vision, Faust is refreshed
and restored, and he returns, unfortunately, to the work and life which
had led him to despair in the first place. As Faust and his assistant
Wagner enter their study, a small black poodle which had attached itself
to Faust scoots through the door. Because Faust refused the call of the
symbol world wherein he may have experienced the rebirth which he needed,
his Shadow has manifested and become a force in his life to bring about
the movement toward wholeness. The poodle brings into Faust's life more
energy and more paradox. The poodle brings so much energy into the room,
in fact, that flames rise from its footprints on the stone floor. Faust is
so energized that he returns to his old life, now more enlivened. He sets
to work on a new translation of the Gospel According to John. He is
dissatisfied with the attitude implied by "In the beginning was the Word."
This academic man of words has had enough of words - he wants action! He
prefers "In the beginning was the Act." When Faust makes this change, the
poodle gets so excited that it races around the room, leaving flaming
footprints all about. Then - the poodle disappears behind the stove and
comes out again … as his dark lordship - Mephistopheles. Now, Faust will
get what he wants - more action. But we shall leave the story now; I don't
want to spoil it for any who may want to pursue it further.
However, we may consider a few comments about what is going on here. As
I mentioned earlier, the Shadow carries that of our totality which we have
not taken into our conscious selves, whether it be aspects which are
considered negative and undesirable, or aspects which are considered
positive potentials which we have not embraced and lived. Even trying to
make a deal with the Devil is an attempt to bring into one's life
something which is lacking. The unconscious demands that we face and
handle the moral dilemma of balancing our light and shadow natures.
Engaging with the shadow forces us into self-consciousness through a
process of looking at our values, and it involves us in a process of
redefining who we are and what we believe. Through engagement with our
shadow and the resulting movement in self-consciousness, we come to
realize that we experience the world through a haze of projections. The
subject of projections is important in a consideration of the Shadow, but
we will not pursue it this morning. Sufficient for now is this perspective
from Jung: "… It is not the conscious subject but the unconscious which
does the projecting. Hence one meets with projections, one does not make
them. The effect of projection is to isolate the subject from his
environment, since instead of a real relationship to it there is now only
an illusory one. Projections change the world into a replica of one's
unknown face." (Repeat the last sentence?)
Robert Johnson, a Jungian analyst and author, addresses the story of
Faust in his book entitled Transformation. "Imagination and symbol make up
a realm of experience in our interior lives where the ego is important but
not dominant. Inner work requires that the ego consent to a subordinate,
but still important, role. With inner work you take part in a process in
which every element of life, including dark elements, has a place of
dignity and worth. Without ego, chaos would erupt. With the ego in
control, you are blocked by the egocentricity that marred Faust's life.
Faust ran the show and made a horrible tangle of the process, as the ego
always does when it is in control. When faced with this dilemma, people
are tempted to adopt a new kind of egocentricity in which they use their
powers of dominating the world for "spiritual" purposes. This is no less
egocentric than any previous use of the ego, and it constitutes a
particularly vicious trap on the path. Further progress is not possible
unless you realign your ego's place in your life. Jung described this
moment of realignment as the relocation of the center of gravity of the
personality. This process is so painful, since it consists of dethroning
the ego, that it is rarely done. The process requires that you give honor
and dignity to every dimension of your life. The Christian version of the
incarnation of God in Jesus Christ provides a valid example of this.
Though the fact is frequently ignored in our modern world, Christianity
gives equal validity to the human and the divine dimensions of Christ. Any
variance in this balance is fatal to spiritual growth and is also the
basic definition of heresy in the Church. Most of us live in heresy, even
if the concept is mostly discredited now, by giving dominance in our lives
to one principle over all others. It is the unity of life, not the triumph
of one faculty over another, that is the goal of imagination, fantasy, and
ceremony."
Jung uses the term complexio oppositorum to describe the God-image in
the human psyche. This image is not one of unity, but rather one of
opposites. The most popular images of God are those of love, light, etc.
But such images have their complementary opposites in images of darkness,
which are projected onto God's shadow-twin - Satan, the Lord of Darkness.
We must include this aspect of our individual and collective psyches if we
wish to attain wholeness. We must not act out all the impulses of our
Shadows, but as the Shadow carries unlived-out or unconsciousness aspects
of our wholeness, only by paying attention to the Shadow, allowing
consciousness and possibly manifestation of its imagery and creativity,
can we expand the reach of our consciousness and self-knowledge. We are
more than what we know about ourselves, more than our egos and personas
and self-images. There's more involved here than wearing the everyday
masks of husband and mother and bricklayer, etc. Who or what are we below
or behind or beyond the persona roles? Rudolph Otto, a German Lutheran
theologian wrote about this question in the early '20's in his book the
Idea of the Holy. "So far we have spoken of the personal and
supra-personal as applied to the supreme, spiritual Being. But what is
true here is no less true of that which was created in its image, our own
human soul or spirit. In us, too, all that we call person and personal,
indeed all that we can know or name in ourselves at all, is but one
element in the whole. Beneath it lies, even in us, that 'wholly other,"
whose profundities, impenetrable to any concept, can yet be grasped in the
numinous self-feeling by one who has experience of the deeper life."
To continue with Christian imagery and language -- Through this process
(that of expanding consciousness and self-knowledge), the myth of the
necessary incarnation of God - which is the essence of the Christian
message, according to Jung - can be understood as the individual's
confrontation with the opposites and their synthesis in the self, the
wholeness of the personality. Referring once again to Neumann - "… the
self lies hidden in the shadow; he is the 'keeper of the gate,' the
guardian of the threshold. The way to the self lies through him; behind
the dark aspect he represents, there stands the aspect of wholeness, and
only by making friends with the shadow do we gain the friendship of the
self."
I return for a moment now to the world of story, this time to the
legendary world of King Arthur and Camelot. Do you know the wizard
Merlin's parentage? Again from Jung's autobiography: "Merlin represents an
attempt by the medieval unconscious to create a parallel figure to
Parsifal. Parsifal is a Christian hero, and Merlin, son of the devil and a
pure virgin, is his dark brother. In the twelfth century, when the legend
arose, there were as yet no premises by which his intrinsic meaning could
be understood. Hence he ended in exile, and hence 'the cry of Merlin'
which still sounded from the forest after his death. This cry that no one
could understand implies that he lives on in unredeemed form. His story is
not yet finished, and he still walks abroad. It might be said that the
secret of Merlin was carried on by alchemy, primarily in the figure of
Mercurius. Then Merlin was taken up again in my psychology of the
unconscious and - remains uncomprehended to this day! That is because most
people find it quite beyond them to live on close terms with the
unconscious. Again and again I have had to learn how hard this is for
people."
Virtually no one, I think, comes to wholeness without coming to terms
with psychic darkness. It is, or at least can be, a dangerous journey,
this fabled night sea journey, this journey of the dark night of the soul.
For some people, the journey takes them into what Joseph Conrad describes
as "the heart of darkness." Not everyone who takes, or is taken upon, this
journey completes it successfully and in wholeness. The ancient Hebrews
provided guidance and reassurance for such a journey. In reading this
guidance, I shall use a translation which is a little different from that
to which we are most accustomed, but I think that these words and
metaphors and images fit well with our subject.
The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want; he makes me
lie down in green pastures. He leads me beside the waters of rest; he
restores my life. He leads me on right paths for his name's sake.
Even though I walk through the valley of deep darkness, I fear no
evil; for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff, they comfort me.
Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of my
enemies; thou anointest my head with oil, my cup overflows. Only
goodness and kindness shall follow me all the days of my life; and I
shall dwell in the house of the Lord as long as I live.
CLOSING
May the light around us guide our footsteps, and hold us
fast to the best and most righteous that we seek.
May the darkness around us nurture our dreams and give us rest so
that we may give ourselves to the work of our world.
Let us seek to remember the wholeness of our lives, the weaving of
light and shadow in this great and astonishing dance in which we move.
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